1. Understanding HACA Land
   The term “HACA land” is well-known mainly among real estate professionals. Some
   less informed agents might mistakenly call it “Kaka land” (crow land), leading to
   humorous misunderstandings.
2. What is HACA?
   HACA stands for Hill Area Conservation Authority. Established by the Tamil Nadu
   government in the 1990s, HACA’s goal is to conserve the mineral and natural
   resources of hill areas.
3. The HACA Committee
   The HACA committee includes two IAS officers, the Director of Town and Country
   Planning, and directors from various departments like finance, forest, animal
   husbandry, tourism, housing, industries, rural development, water supply, and
   electricity. The Nilgiris district collector is also a member of this committee.
4. Protected Areas
   This committee has designated 55 taluks in Tamil Nadu as hill or hill-adjacent areas
   that require protection. Any activity in these areas must get clearance from HACA.
5. Reporting and Monitoring
   The HACA committee must produce a report every three years on the status of hill
   areas, ensuring activities do not harm the environment. For instance, building holiday
   resorts, hotels, real estate projects, or houses over 300 square meters requires HACA’s
   permission.
6. Regulated Activities
   Activities such as oil pipelines, cable cars, highways, dams, power plants, rubber
   factories, timber-related industries, paper mills, food processing units, and chemical
   industries also need HACA’s approval.
7. Agriculture and Livestock
   Even poultry and goat farms, mushroom cultivation, and other agriculture-related
   industries must get clearance from HACA.
8. Historical Context
   In the early 2000s, a separate authority called the Hill Area Development Authority
   (HADP) existed in Ooty. I personally visited this office to obtain free maps and books
   on tribal villages. Later, in 2009, HADP was merged with HACA, including various
   hill development programs under Tamil Nadu’s planning commission.
9. Environmental Impact
   Following the HACA’s jurisdiction over Tamil Nadu hills, many hills have been
   heavily mined, resulting in the disappearance of several hills and ancient Buddhist
   and Jain cave temples. Marble from these hills was extracted and sold abroad without
   proper permissions. Some hills in Salem are waiting to be mined by big industrialists.
10. Commercial Development
    Seeing the hills being sold off with HACA’s approval, many businesses, including
    real estate, flourished, turning hills into resorts, tourism spots, and hotels. This
    prompted real estate agents to push for housing plots in hilly and foothill areas.
11. Legal Interventions
    The HACA committee remained largely inactive while real estate activities thrived in
    hill areas. This changed when Rajendran, a conscientious citizen, filed a case in the
    High Court, obtaining an order to stop the registration of panchayat-approved plots.
12. Government Order No. 78
    Subsequently, the government issued a new directive (Order No. 78) allowing these
    plots to be regularized upon payment of a fee. However, it was clarified that plots in
    hilly and foothill areas could not be regularized under this order as they fall under
    HACA’s jurisdiction.
13. Realization and Awareness
    This realization dawned late for many, as the HACA committee, while allowing the
    sale of hills, did not focus on the burgeoning real estate plots. Awareness about
    HACA regulations increased only after the government’s Order No. 78.
14. Regularization Process
    Despite frequent inquiries to the DTCP office for regularization, officials advised
    waiting for a government order. In May 2020, Government Order No. 66 was issued,
    addressing the regularization of plots in HACA areas.
15. Exemptions and Restrictions
    The order mandates that DTCP approval must be obtained for plots in hilly areas, except for villages classified as elephant corridors, landslide-prone areas, and eco-sensitive zones, which are prohibited from regularization.
16. Detailed Information
    Tamil Nadu has 55 taluks with 595 hill villages. Detailed information on which
    villages can have plots regularized and which cannot is available in a free PDF that
    can be obtained by contacting www.verified.realestate.
17. Buying Tips
    When buying property in hilly areas, it’s crucial to determine your purpose for
    purchase and check if it requires HACA clearance beforehand to ensure a smooth
    acquisition process.

Conclusion
Buying land in hill areas under HACA’s jurisdiction involves navigating through a complex set of regulations designed to protect the environment and ensure sustainable development. By understanding these regulations and obtaining the necessary clearances, prospective buyers can make informed decisions and avoid potential legal and environmental issues. Always consult with knowledgeable real estate professionals and stay updated with the latest government directives to ensure a smooth and compliant land acquisition process in these ecologically sensitive regions.